A trademark is a sign, word, logo, or design that identifies and distinguishes the goods or services of one business from those of another. It helps protect brand identity and ensures that consumers can recognize the source of products and services.

Trademarks are important because they provide legal protection for your brand, preventing others from using similar marks that could confuse customers. They also help build trust and reputation, allowing consumers to associate quality and reliability with your products or services. For businesses, a registered trademark can become one of the most valuable assets, strengthening market position and supporting long-term growth.

Classes of Goods

Class 1 – Chemicals

Chemicals for industry, science, photography, agriculture, horticulture, forestry; unprocessed resins and plastics; fertilizers; fire-extinguishing preparations; tempering and soldering preparations; food preservatives; tanning substances; industrial adhesives.

Includes: compost, salt (non-food preservation), food additives.

Excludes: natural resins (Class 2), medical chemicals (Class 5), pesticides (Class 5), adhesives for stationery (Class 16), food salt (Class 30).

Class 2 – Paints

Paints, varnishes, lacquers; anti-rust, wood preservatives; colorants; mordants; raw natural resins; metal foils/powders for painting/printing/art.

Includes: industrial paints, textile dyes, food colorants.
Excludes: unprocessed resins (Class 1), cosmetic dyes (Class 3), school paints (Class 16).

Class 3 – Cleaning & Toiletries

Cleaning, polishing, scouring, abrasive products; soaps (non-medicated); perfumes; essential oils; cosmetics (non-medicated); hair lotions; non-medicated toothpaste.

Includes: deodorants, air fresheners, bathroom hygiene products.
Excludes: chimney cleaners (Class 1), degreasers (Class 1), medicated shampoos/soaps (Class 5).

Class 4 – Oils & Fuels

Industrial oils, greases, lubricants; dust-absorbing and binding agents; fuels and illuminants; candles; wicks.

Excludes: specialty oils/greases for specific industries.

Class 5 – Pharmaceuticals

Pharmaceuticals, veterinary products; sanitary and medical-use products; dietetic foods; baby food; supplements; plasters; dental materials; disinfectants; pesticides.

Includes: medicated shampoos/soaps/toothpaste, baby diapers, supplements, medical nutrition.
Excludes: non-medicated toiletries (Class 3), bandages/supports (Class 10), non-medical diet foods (Classes 29–33).

Class 6 – Metals

Common metals/alloys; ores; building materials; portable metal buildings; non-electric cables and wires; small hardware; metal containers; safes.

Includes: sheets/powders, locks, screws, prefabs, metal art.
Excludes: metals used as chemicals (Class 1), electrical cables (Class 9), plumbing pipes (Class 11/17/19).

Class 7 – Machinery

Machines and machine tools; motors and engines (non-land); machine coupling/transmission (non-land); agricultural machines (non-hand); egg incubators; vending machines.

Includes: engine parts, electric cleaning machines.
Excludes: hand tools (Class 8), land vehicle engines (Class 12).

Class 8 – Hand Tools

Hand tools; cutlery; side arms; razors.

Includes: cutlery of precious metal, electric shavers, scissors.
Excludes: power tools (Class 7), surgical instruments (Class 10), firearms (Class 13).

Class 9 – Electronics & Software

Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, optical, weighing, signaling, checking (supervision), teaching apparatus; electrical control; recording, transmitting, reproducing equipment; data carriers; computers; software; fire extinguishers.

Includes: lab equipment, navigation, software (downloadable or physical).
Excludes: household appliances (Class 11), smartwatches (Class 14), entertainment games (Class 28).

Class 10 – Medical Devices

Surgical, medical, dental, veterinary instruments; prosthetics; orthopedic articles; suture materials; aids for disabled; massage devices; baby care; sex devices.

Includes: supports, menstrual/contraceptive devices, implants, hospital furniture.
Excludes: plasters/sanitary absorbents (Class 5), wheelchairs (Class 12).

Class 11 – Appliances

Lighting, heating, steam, cooking, refrigeration, drying, ventilating, water supply, sanitary apparatus.

Includes: air conditioners, electric blankets, kettles, cooking appliances.
Excludes: steam machinery (Class 7).

Class 12 – Vehicles

Vehicles; apparatus for locomotion by land, air, water.

Includes: motors, engines, transmissions, hovercraft.
Excludes: non-transport vehicles; parts classified by purpose.

Class 13 – Firearms

Firearms; ammunition; explosives; fireworks.
Excludes: matches (Class 34).

Class 14 – Jewelry

Precious metals, alloys, gems; jewelry; watches; clocks.

Includes: costume jewelry, keyrings, charms, watch parts.
Excludes: smartwatches (Class 9), non-jewelry charms (Class 26).

Class 15 – Musical Instruments

Includes: pianos, music boxes, electric instruments.
Excludes: recording/amplifying equipment (Class 9).

Class 16 – Paper & Stationery

Paper, cardboard; printed matter; bookbinding; photos; stationery; adhesives (stationery); artists’ materials; teaching materials; packaging plastics; type, printing blocks.

Includes: paper knives, folders, scrapbooks, art tools, disposable paper goods, paper sculptures.
Excludes: paints (Class 2), teaching equipment (Class 9).

Class 17 – Rubber & Plastics

Rubber, gutta-percha, gum, asbestos, mica; extruded plastics/resins; packing, stopping, insulating materials; flexible non-metal pipes.

Includes: tire patches, industrial tapes, foams.
Excludes: fire hoses (Class 9), plumbing pipes (Class 11/19).

Class 18 – Leather Goods

Leather, imitation leather; hides; trunks, bags; umbrellas, parasols; walking sticks; whips, saddlery; animal collars, leashes, clothing.

Includes: luggage, wallets, leather boxes.
Excludes: clothing (Class 25), special equipment cases.

Class 19 – Construction Materials

Non-metal building materials; rigid non-metal pipes; asphalt, pitch, bitumen; non-metal transportable buildings; monuments.

Includes: timber, plywood, construction glass.
Excludes: cement chemicals (Class 1).

Class 20 – Furniture

Furniture, mirrors, frames; non-metal containers; goods of wood, cork, cane, ivory, bone, horn, shell, amber, meerschaum; plastics.

Includes: metal furniture, blinds, mattresses, non-metal license plates.
Excludes: medical furniture (Class 10).

Class 21 – Household Utensils

Household/kitchen utensils and containers; combs; sponges; brushes; cleaning items; glassware; porcelain; ceramics.

Includes: pots, pans, manual kitchen tools, combs, toothbrushes, decanters.
Excludes: cleaning products (Class 3), grooming tools (Class 8).

Class 22 – Ropes & Textiles

Ropes, string, nets, tents, awnings, tarpaulins, sails, sacks, stuffing (non-paper/plastic/rubber); raw textile fibers.

Includes: ropes, hammocks, specialty sacks, raw fibers.
Excludes: wires (Class 6), paper stuffing (Class 16), rubber stuffing (Class 17).

Class 23 – Yarns

Yarns and threads for textile use.

Class 24 – Fabrics

Textiles and substitutes; household linen; curtains (textile/plastic).

Includes: bedspreads, towels, mosquito nets.
Excludes: electric blankets (Class 10/11), paper tablecloths (Class 16).

Class 25 – Clothing

Clothing, footwear, headgear.
Excludes: specialized protective/sportswear.

Class 26 – Trimmings

Lace, embroidery, ribbons; buttons, hooks, pins, needles; artificial flowers; hair ornaments; wigs.

Includes: wigs, hairnets, zippers, charms (non-jewelry).
Excludes: false eyelashes (Class 3), transplant hair (Class 10).

Class 27 – Carpets

Carpets, rugs, mats, linoleum, wall hangings (non-textile).
Excludes: wood flooring (Class 19).

Class 28 – Games & Sports

Games, toys, video games, sporting articles, Christmas decorations.

Includes: game consoles, party items, hunting/fishing gear.
Excludes: candles/lights for trees (Class 4/11), sex toys (Class 10), sportswear (Class 25).

Class 29 – Food (Animal-based)

Meat, fish, poultry, game; preserved/frozen/cooked fruits/vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs, milk, dairy; edible oils and fats.

Includes: milk drinks, edible seeds.
Excludes: baby food (Class 5), raw grains (Class 31).

Class 30 – Food (Plant-based)

Coffee, tea, cocoa; rice; flour, cereals; bread, pastries, sweets; edible ices; sugar, honey, treacle; yeast, baking powder; salt; mustard; vinegar; sauces; spices; ice.

Includes: coffee/tea drinks, processed cereals.
Excludes: medicinal teas (Class 5), raw cereals (Class 31).

Class 31 – Agriculture

Agricultural, horticultural, forestry products; raw grains, fruits, vegetables, herbs; live plants, animals; animal food; malt.

Includes: fresh mushrooms, seedlings, pet litter.
Excludes: medical plant cultures (Class 5), supplements (Class 5).

Class 32 – Non-alcoholic Drinks

Beers; mineral/aerated waters; non-alcoholic drinks; fruit juices; syrups.
Excludes: milk drinks (Class 29), alcoholic drinks (Class 33/34).

Class 33 – Alcoholic Drinks

Alcoholic beverages (except beer).
Excludes: beer (Class 32), medicinal alcohol (Class 5).

Class 34 – Tobacco

Tobacco; smokers’ articles; matches.

Includes: cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, lighters.
Excludes: medical cigarettes (Class 5).

 

Classes of Services

 

Class 35 – Business

Business management, administration, consultancy, office functions.

Class 36 – Finance

Insurance, financial, monetary, real estate services.

Class 37 – Construction

Construction, repair, installation services.

Class 38 – Telecommunications

Telecom and broadcasting services.

Class 39 – Transport

Transport, packaging, storage, travel arrangement.

Class 40 – Material Treatment

Processing of materials, recycling, printing, custom manufacturing.

Class 41 – Education

Education, training, entertainment, sports, culture.

Class 42 – Science & Technology

Scientific/technological services; IT services; software development; engineering.

Class 43 – Hospitality

Food, drink, catering; temporary accommodation.

Class 44 – Healthcare & Agriculture

Medical, veterinary, hygiene, beauty; agriculture, horticulture, forestry.

Class 45 – Legal & Personal Services

Legal, security, personal, and social services.